Types of marine instrumentation; in-situ and remote sensing instruments; operating platforms-fixed, ship, platform and buoy based; output formats; telemetry. Measurement of temperature, salinity, sound velocity, wave height, wave period, tidal height, tidal period and ocean depth etc. Types of tide gauges: principles, operation and applications. Wave radars, rain gauge, seabed observatories. Types of buoys; principles, application and operations for measurement of wind, temperature, current, wave height and direction and other environmental sensors Satellite telemetry systems. Surveying equipment: echosounder, multibeam sonar, subbottom profiler, side scan sonar, boomers, sparkers, magnetometers, positioning and tracking equipment. Types of acoustic transducers: piezoelectric and magnetostrictive; sonar transducers for echosounder, acoustic subbottom profilers, tide gauges, wave height and period sensors, data buoys, test and calibration of marine instruments.