Preparation methods: electrolytic deposition, cathodic and anodic films, thermal evaporation, cathodic sputtering, chemical vapour deposition. Molecular beam epitaxy and laser ablation methods. Thickness measurement and monitoring: electrical, mechanical, optical interference, microbalane, quartz crystal methods. Analytical techniques of characterization: X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, high and low energy electron diffraction, Auger emission spectroscopy. Growth and structure of films. General features. Nucleation theories Effect of electron bombardment on film structure. Post - nucleation growth Epitaxial films and growth. Structural defects. Mechanical properties of films: elastic and plastic behaviour. Optical properties. Reflectance and transmittance spectra. Absorbing films. Optical constants of film material. Multilayer films. Anisotropic and isotropic films. Electric properties to films: Conductivity in metal, semiconductor and insulating films. Discontinuous films. Superconducting films.