Testing of weldments: destructive and non-destructive. Fatigue behaviour of welded structures. Brittle fracture: metallurgical considerations. notch toughness, transition temperature and their dependence on various factors. Fracture mechanics approach: plane strain fracture toughness testing and crack opening displacement criteria, J-integral and R-curve method, application of above concepts to toughness characterisation of weldments. Economics of welding: cost evaluation and selection of process, comparison with other fabrication techniques. Training of welding personnel, safety precautions. Quality control in welding, standards and codes. Application of welding technology in a few typical industries. Pressure vessel fabrication, chemical industry, nuclear reactors, ship and offshore structures, aviation, automobile and railroad industries.