Structure of solids. Lattice energy. Diffusion in solids. Crystal defects, Nonstoichiometry and Solid solutions. Solid state transformations and reactions. Crystal Chemistry, Property and Application of Materials. Surface structure, notation, clean and stepped surfaces; reconstruction, structure of adsorbate layers, molecular chemisorption, surface energy, Bonding in solids. Xray diffraction: indexing of reflections, determination of lattice type, lattice extinctions, application and interpretation of powder Xray diffraction data. Neutron and electron diffraction. Types of materials textural materials and material characterization.